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Manosphere
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The manosphere is a multifaceted online subculture that centers around discussions of masculinity, gender dynamics, and men’s issues, drawing from a diverse collection of websites, blogs, and online forums that promote masculinity, often in opposition to feminism. While the specifics of each group’s beliefs sometimes conflict, they are generally united in the belief that society is biased against men due to the influence of feminism, and that feminists promote misandry (hatred of men).
Social Media
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Social Media is “a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of User Generated Content” (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010).
Cancel Culture
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Cancel Culture encapsulates the acts of withholding support or endorsement from individuals or institutions on social media due to a collective disagreement or disapproval of their actions, beliefs, or behaviors.
BookTok
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BookTok is a sub-community of TikTok that caters to book enthusiasts. Here, they can share their book reviews, recommendations, and other book-related content.
Selfie
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Weng Marc Lim defines the ‘selfie’ as “a self-expressive photograph featuring the photographer as the primary individual” in a “background that is consciously created, modified and shared with others”.
Audience Labour
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likes, shares, clicks, comments, views, posts, only data to gain more visibility in the hybrid media system (Maly, 2020)
Junk News
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Junk news is news that is consumed and goes viral not because it is relevant or appreciated, but because it is addictive (Venturini, 2019).
Media Frames
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Media frames in the context of mass-media communication refers to the way interpretations of a message are encouraged or discouraged. It was first introduced by Erving Goffman in 1974 through his book, ‘Frame Analysis’.
Frame
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A frame is a set of meaningful signs connected to specific types of social action. Together they create a 'logic' of action and make the action understandable for those involved in it.
Formats
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Formats are recognizably patterned forms of behavior, subject to norms and judged accordingly by others.
